Cataracts are a common eye condition that affects millions of people worldwide. This condition develops when the clear lens of the eye becomes cloudy, leading to vision impairment. While cataracts are often linked to the aging process, they can occur at any stage of life.

The lens of the eye is essential for focusing light properly onto the retina, resulting in sharp vision. The formation of cataracts causes the lens to become cloudy, disrupting the light-focusing process. Common symptoms include blurry vision, poor night vision, sensitivity to bright light, and dull color perception.

Several factors contribute to the development of cataracts, with aging being the most significant. Additional risk factors include medical conditions like diabetes, excessive UV light exposure, smoking habits, and long-term use of certain drugs. A family history of cataracts and previous eye injuries may also elevate the risk.

Cataracts are typically diagnosed during a thorough eye evaluation by a medical professional. The examination often includes tests for vision sharpness, lens inspection using a slit lamp, and retinal evaluation after pupil dilation. Detecting cataracts early enables better management and reduces the risk of significant vision problems.

The severity of cataracts determines the available treatment options. In the early stages, stronger eyeglasses or better lighting may help improve vision. However, surgery is the most effective treatment for advanced cataracts. During cataract recovery surgery, the clouded lens is removed and replaced with a clear artificial lens.

Although cataracts are widespread, they are treatable and can severely impair vision if ignored. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatments can help individuals take proactive steps to maintain eye health.