Cataracts are a prevalent eye disorder impacting numerous individuals globally. The development of cataracts involves the clouding of the eye’s lens, which hinders clear vision. While cataracts are often linked to the aging process, they can occur at any stage of life.

The lens of the eye is essential for focusing light properly onto the retina, resulting in sharp vision. Cataracts form when the lens becomes clouded, obstructing the passage of light. Common symptoms include blurry vision, poor night vision, sensitivity to bright light, and dull color perception.

Aging is the primary factor contributing to cataract symptoms development, though other causes exist. Other causes include diabetes, prolonged exposure to ultraviolet light, smoking, and certain medications. A family history of cataracts and previous eye injuries may also elevate the risk.

Cataracts are typically diagnosed during a thorough eye evaluation by a medical professional. Tests may include checking visual acuity, examining the lens with a slit lamp, and dilating the pupils to inspect the retina. Detecting cataracts early enables better management and reduces the risk of significant vision problems.

Treatment options for cataracts depend on their severity. Mild cases can often be managed with prescription glasses or improved lighting conditions. Surgery remains the definitive treatment for cataracts that significantly affect vision. During cataract surgery, the clouded lens is removed and replaced with a clear artificial lens.

Although cataracts are widespread, they are treatable and can severely impair vision if ignored. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatments can help individuals take proactive steps to maintain eye health.