Cataracts are a prevalent eye disorder impacting numerous individuals globally. The development of cataracts involves the clouding of the eye’s lens, which hinders clear vision. Although primarily an age-related issue, cataracts may develop in younger people as well.

Clear vision relies on the eye’s lens, which focuses light onto the retina. When a cataract forms, the lens becomes opaque, preventing light from passing through clearly. This results in symptoms such as blurred vision, difficulty seeing at night, sensitivity to light, and faded color perception.

The aging process is the leading cause of cataracts, although other factors also play a role. Additional risk factors include medical conditions like diabetes, excessive UV light exposure, smoking habits, and long-term use of certain drugs. A family history of cataracts and previous eye injuries may also elevate the risk.

An ophthalmologist can diagnose cataracts through a detailed eye examination. These exams may involve assessing vision clarity, inspecting the lens with specialized tools, and evaluating the retina by dilating the pupils. Detecting cataracts early enables better management and reduces the risk of significant vision problems.

Treatment varies based on how advanced the cataracts are. Mild cases can often be managed with prescription glasses or improved lighting conditions. However, surgery is the most effective treatment for advanced cataracts. During cataract surgery, the clouded lens is removed and replaced eyes with cataracts a clear artificial lens.

Although cataracts are widespread, they are treatable and can severely impair vision if ignored. By recognizing the symptoms and seeking timely treatment, individuals can preserve their vision and quality of life.